1.
Clarence is prone to bolstering his chosen options. What is
one of the critical thinking dangers he may run into?
A) using self-regulation throughout the process
B) abandoning the problem altogether
C) exaggerating his option's merits
D) refusing to consult an expert
Correct Answer: C
2.
What are temporizing heuristics?
A) deciding that an option is good enough for now
B) finding an option that is good enough and taking it
C) refusing to accept any option given
D) accusing a critical thinker of making a poor argument
Correct Answer: A
3.
Reflective decisions
A) frequently involve heuristics.
B) always yield the best response.
C) are based on instinct.
D) are not always good decisions.
Correct Answer: D
4.
What are satisficing heuristics?
A) deciding that an option is good enough for now
B) finding an option that is good enough and taking it
C) refusing to accept any option given
D) accusing a critical thinker of making a poor argument
Correct Answer: B
5.
Even though she needs more space, Carol refuses to move.
Operating under the loss and risk aversion heuristic, she
A) has to consult her friend before she decides to move.
B) wants to try something new.
C) doesn't have enough money to move.
D) prefers to maintain the status quo.
Correct Answer: D
6.
There is a great chance that Becky's decision will be wise
and well thought out. Which of the following things did she do?
A) She was extremely leisurely in making her decision.
B) She based her decision on preconceived notions.
C) She was not too hasty in making her decision.
D) She based her decision on the opinions of others.
Correct Answer: C
7.
What is dominance structuring?
A) a computer program designed to help people make decisions
when a situation is unclear
B) a common fallacy that strong critical thinkers can
recognize immediately
C) the physical process through which humans achieve
confidence in their decisions
D) the intentional process of changing your believe system
with every decision you make
Correct Answer: C
8.
Which great mind called humans "rational animals"?
A) Rimbaud
B) Shakespeare
C) Plato
D) Aristotle
Correct Answer: D
9.
What is one of the risks of dominance structuring?
A) We can sometimes become locked into an unwise decision.
B) Changing one's mind so much causes mental health
problems.
C) It is unreliable to use a computer to make decisions.
D) It causes us to become something we're not.
Correct Answer: A
10.
In the fortifying the to-be-chosen option phase, we
A) test the promising options.
B) restructure our appraisals of the options.
C) select a group of possible options.
D) choose the most promising option.
Correct Answer: B
11.
Jason's doctor started him on antibiotics to treat his
nagging upper-respiratory symptoms. When it became obvious that he was not
getting any better, his doctor, being a good critical thinker,
A) continued him on the antibiotic treatment.
B) analyzed his symptoms and made a mid-course correction.
C) told Jason that he could no longer treat him.
D) remained firm on the result of his initial analysis.
Correct Answer: B
12.
Jack is good at monitoring his decisions. One could say he
is skilled at
A) co-opting.
B) self-regulation.
C) reverse reflection.
D) group talk.
Correct Answer: B
Cassie is a 5th grade teacher. She wants to cultivate an
environment conducive to critical thinking in her classroom, but she doesn't
know where to start. What advice would you give her?
A) Acknowledge and reward her students when they exhibit
critical thinking skills and actions.
B) She should focus on other areas, because 5th grade is too
young to be a critical thinker.
C) Tell students that the most important things are getting
one's point across and being right.
D) Make sure students understand that they must always have
an adult's help when thinking critically.
Correct Answer: A
14.
Karen is never willing to compromise. One could say that she
operates under a(n) _______ heuristic.
A) fallacious
B) us vs. them
C) simulation
D) pro vs. con
Correct Answer: B
15.
Ian often uses visualization in his daily life. Which of the
following statements about him is most likely true?
A) He is always reflective in his decision making.
B) It has helped him improve his performance in many areas.
C) He operates under a fallacious heuristic.
D) It has hindered him from reaching his goals.
Correct Answer: B
16.
"Annie is a woman. Women only make decisions based on
emotion. Annie is not a rational thinker." This is an example of a(n)
A) personal heuristic.
B) stereotyping heuristic.
C) simulation heuristic.
D) affect heuristic.
Correct Answer: B
17.
What are decision-critical attributes?
A) inherent personal traits that help one come to a logical
decision based on reason
B) criteria the decision maker deems important and relevant
for evaluating options
C) guidelines given by experts that help a person become an
even better critical thinker
D) steps one takes throughout his/her life to become a
better critical thinker
Correct Answer: B
18.
What is argument making?
A) the effort to rely solely on preconceived notions when
making our decisions
B) the effort to seek expert opinions when making our
decisions
C) the effort to rely on relevant reasons and facts when
making our decisions
D) the effort to trust our "gut feeling" about
everything when making our decisions
Correct Answer: C
What is the definition of System 2 Thinking?
A) reactive thinking that relies heavily on situational
cues, salient memories, and heuristic thinking to arrive quickly and
confidently at judgments
B) reactive thinking that is useful for recalling salient
memories and fully supports heuristic thinking at its highest level
C) reflective critical thinking that is useful for judgments
in unfamiliar situations, for processing abstract concepts, and for
deliberating when there is time for more comprehensive consideration
D) reflective thinking that relies heavily on preconceived
notions and is helpful for coping with unfamiliar or uncomfortable situations
Correct Answer: C
20.
Jeff automatically agrees with whatever his boss says. Which
of the following sentences best describes this situation?
A) This is not a power differential heuristic, since his
boss is not pressuring him.
B) This is an example of a simulation heuristic.
C) Jeff operates under a power differential heuristic.
D) Jeff operates under a pressure heuristic.
Correct Answer: C
